ABSTRACT
Objective@#To analyze the effect of sunlike spectrum LED illumination on retinal blood flow perfusion, and to explore the the correlation between sunlike spectrum LED illumination and eye health indicators in children and adolescents.@*Methods@#A randomized control double blind trial was conducted. The ordinary LED table lamp in the control group(11) and the sunlike spectrum LED table lamp in the experimental group(12) had a fitting degree of 87% and 95% with the daylighting spectrum, respectively. Two sample independent t test and multivariable linear regression model were applied to compare the changes of retinal blood perfusion before and after the trial.@*Results@#After near reading for 1 hour, the retinal capillary density in the superficial and deep layers of the subjects in the ordinary LED illumination group decreased (superficial layer: -3.05±2.04 , P <0.01; deep layer: -4.03± 4.94, P =0.02), no significant decrease was found in the sunlike spectrum LED illumination group (superficial layer: -0.59± 1.44, P =0.18; deep layer: -0.49±4.27, P =0.70). Multivariable regression analysis found that compared with ordinary LED illumination, sunlike spectrum LED illumination could significantly alleviate the decrease in capillary density in the superficial and deep retinal layers, respectively ( β =2.83, 95% CI =1.54-4.12, P <0.01; β =4.21,95% CI =0.58-7.84, P =0.02).@*Conclusion@#Sunlike spectrum LED illumination can alleviate the decrease in retinal blood perfusion caused by near work among children and adolescents, suggesting that it may delay the onset and development of myopia. Prevention and control of myopia needs to pay attention to the spectral power distribution of artificial illumination.
ABSTRACT
Objective@#To assess plantar arch index (AI) and prevalence of flat feet in school-age children (7-12 years old) in Shanghai and evaluate the relationship between flat feet with age, gender, weight status (BMI) and occurring sides, and to provide a reference for the prevention of flatfeet.@*Methods@#Three-dimensional foot measuring instruments were used to measure bilateral foot length, medial arch height, AI and arch height ratio (AHR) in school-age children in Shanghai. Statistical analysis of these foot parameters was performed.@*Results@#A total of 3 226 children between aged 7 and 12 in Shanghai were measured with AI of (0.27±0.05) and AHR of (3.02±1.89). Prevalence of flat feet in the group of 7 to 12 year old children was 56.1%. Prevalence of flatfeet decreased significantly with age: 72.6% at 7 years old and 37.9% at 12 years old. Boys had a significantly greater risk for flat feet than girls: the prevalence of flat feet was 62.9% for boys and 47.8% for girls (OR=1.81, 95%CI=1.57-2.10). This risk was independent of age but related to gender. The risk of flat feet in boys was always higher than that in girls at every age. For children aged 7-8, being overweight was not significantly related to the occurrence of flat feet. However, for children aged 9-12 who were overweight were more likely to have flat feet than those of normal weight. The OR increased with age: from 1.44 (95%CI=1.03-2.03) at 9 to 2.96 (95%CI=1.68-5.23) at 12. There was no difference on which side flat feet would occur (χ2=0.95，P=0.33).@*Conclusion@#This finding shows that prevalence of flat feet is influenced by age, gender and weight status. AI and prevalence of flat feet in children aged 7-12 decreases with age, and boys have significantly higher prevalence of flat feet than girls. Overweight children aged 9 or older have a higher risk of flat feet.
ABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the feasibility and effect of transumbilical single-site laparoscopic surgery in the treatment of inguinal cryptorchidism in children.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From August to November 2013, 33 children with inguinal cryptorchidism (41 testes) underwent transumbilical single-site laparoscopic orchiopexy. The undescended testes were palpable in the inguen intra-operatively in all the cases, 14 on the right, 11 on the left, and 8 bilaterally.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>All the operations were performed successfully with neither intraoperative complications nor conversion to operi surgery. Adequate length of spermatic cord was pulled down to allow the testis to descend through the inguinal canal into the scrotum in all the cases. Totally, 39 testes in 31 cases were fixed at the bottom and 2 testes in 2 cases in the middle of the scrotum. Follow-up ranged from 6 to 9 months, which showed normal development of the testes, but no such postoperative complications as testicular retraction and atrophy, indirect hernia, and hydrocele.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Transumbilical single-site laparoscopic orchiopexy is a feasible and effective technique for the treatment of inguinal palpable undescended testis in children, and its cosmetic results were desirable.</p>
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Child , Child, Preschool , Humans , Infant , Male , Cryptorchidism , General Surgery , Feasibility Studies , Laparoscopy , Methods , Orchiopexy , Methods , Postoperative Complications , Scrotum , Spermatic Cord , Testicular HydroceleABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To compare the efficacy and safety of tolterodine and oxybutynin in the treatment of idiopathic overactive bladder in children.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 204 children with idiopathic overactive bladder were randomly divided into three groups (n=68 each): placebo, tolterodine-treated and oxybutynin-treated. The efficacy and safety were evaluated two weeks after treatment.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The effective rate was 25% in the placebo group, 89% in the tolterodine-treated group, and 92% in the oxybutynin-treated group. The effective rate in the two treatment groups was significantly higher than that in the placebo group (P<0.05). There was a similar efficacy between the two treatment groups. The incidence of adverse events in the tolterodine-treated group (28%) was significantly lower than that in the oxybutnin-treated group (57%) (P<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Tolterodine has a similar efficacy to oxybutynin in the treatment of idiopathic overactive bladder in children, with better safety in pharmacotherapy.</p>